- DPDP Act 2023: verifiable parental consent
- For anyone under 18, a data fiduciary must get verifiable consent from a parent or lawful guardian before processing the child’s personal data. Rule 10 of the DPDP Rules 2025, as reported, allows verification through records the institution already holds, details the parent provides, or a token from an authorised entity such as DigiLocker. Most duties apply 18 months after the November 2025 notification.
- Fourth Schedule exemption for educational institutions
- Reported as allowing schools to process children’s data without separate consent only for their own educational activities and the safety of enrolled children. Commentators stress it does not cover analytics, profiling or monetisation.
- Ban on tracking and targeted advertising to children
- The DPDP Act bars tracking, behavioural monitoring and targeted advertising directed at children, subject to the exemptions in the Rules.
- Guidelines for Regulation of Coaching Centres 2024
- Circulated by the Ministry of Education to states in January 2024 for adoption. They bar enrolling students below 16, misleading promises of ranks or marks, and fee increases during a course, and expect a website with tutors’ qualifications, courses, fees, refund policy and facilities. A student leaving mid-course should get a pro-rata refund within ten days. How far they bind you depends on your state’s law.
- Maharashtra Educational Institutions (Regulation of Fee) Act 2011
- Sets how fees in Maharashtra schools are proposed and approved, with a Parent-Teachers Association formed within 30 days of the academic year, an executive committee from its members, and Divisional Fee Regulatory Committees for disputes. Amended in 2019 and 2022.
- CBSE mandatory public disclosure
- CBSE affiliation bye-laws require schools to keep a functional website with mandatory public disclosures in the Appendix IX format: fees, calendar, SMC and PTA details, teacher details and results. CBSE reminded schools by circular in January 2026.
- APAAR ID and UDISE+
- APAAR is a student ID under the academic bank of credits system. CBSE gave partial relaxation in September 2025 for students without an APAAR ID in board exam data. Schools also report data each year on the UDISE+ portal.
- Right to Education Act admissions
- Private unaided schools reserve entry-level seats for children from disadvantaged groups under section 12(1)(c), with admissions run through the state’s process, in Maharashtra through an online lottery.
- GST on education
- Services by schools up to higher secondary are generally exempt. Coaching and many private courses are generally taxable.