- Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules 2020
- Apply to e-commerce entities, which commentators read to include a brand selling its own goods on its own website. They require seller details, return, refund, exchange, warranty, delivery and payment terms to be shown, and a grievance officer who acknowledges complaints within 48 hours and resolves them within one month.
- No refusing defective or wrong goods
- Under the 2020 rules, sellers should not refuse to take back goods, or refuse a refund, when the goods are defective, deficient, spurious, not as described, or delivered late (except for force majeure).
- Cancellation charges
- Under the 2020 rules, a consumer who cancels after the purchase is confirmed should not be charged a cancellation fee unless the entity bears similar charges when it cancels on its own.
- E-Commerce Rules amendments in force from 1 January 2027
- Notified in September 2026. Reported changes include: show the “prior price” (lowest price in the previous 30 days) beside a discounted price, label sponsored listings clearly, show the seller’s GSTIN or MSME number, disclose return shipping costs, give the complainant a copy of the complaint as recorded, and carry out a yearly dark-pattern self-audit with a certificate on the platform.
- Dark pattern guidelines 2023
- CCPA guidelines list practices such as false urgency (“only 1 left” when untrue), drip pricing (charges revealed late or more than shown) and basket sneaking (adding paid items without consent). Delivery charges and taxes disclosed at purchase are not basket sneaking.
- Legal Metrology declarations online
- Rule 6(10) of the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Rules 2011 requires e-commerce entities to display the declarations required on the package: name and address of manufacturer, packer or importer, country of origin, generic name, net quantity, MRP inclusive of taxes and consumer care details. Commentators note the month and year of manufacture can be left out online.
- Country of origin, 2026 amendments
- Amendments in 2026 put extra weight on showing country of origin prominently before the purchase is complete and keeping origin data at SKU level. A country-of-origin filter applies to platforms, with effective dates reported as July 2026 or July 2027 for different provisions.
- GST on apparel after September 2025
- From 22 September 2025, apparel and clothing accessories are taxed at 5% up to a per-piece value threshold and 18% above it, according to the government’s factsheet. The rate is reported to follow each piece’s value, not the bill total.
- Personal data under the DPDP Act 2023
- Names, addresses, phone numbers, sizes and purchase history are personal data. Marketing messages need valid consent, and buyers can ask for their data to be corrected or deleted.