- Fat, SNF and rate charts
- Milk is paid by quality: fat and solids-not-fat (SNF) measured by an analyser. The dairy sets a chart with a base rate for a standard fat and SNF and additions or deductions per tenth of a point, separately for cow and buffalo milk.
- State minimum prices and subsidies
- Maharashtra has at times set a minimum price for cow milk at a standard 3.5 fat and 8.5 SNF, and in 2024 ran a per-litre subsidy paid by direct benefit transfer to farmers supplying co-operative and private dairies. Schemes change, so check the current government resolution.
- FSSAI registration or licence
- Milk collection, chilling and processing are food businesses. Small collection is registered; larger units need a state or central licence, based on litres handled per day. Applications go through FoSCoS, with the capacity of chilling and cooling centres.
- Weighing scales and Legal Metrology
- Scales used for buying milk or produce are weights and measures used in trade, and are to be verified and stamped under Legal Metrology rules.
- GST on milk and dairy products
- Fresh milk is exempt. From 22 September 2025, UHT milk and pre-packaged labelled paneer moved to nil GST, and butter, ghee and cheese to 5%, as announced by the government.
- Agri-input dealer licences
- Selling fertiliser needs authorisation under the Fertiliser (Control) Order 1985, seed under the Seeds Act 1966 and Seeds (Control) Order 1983, and pesticides a licence under the Insecticides Act 1968 and Rules 1971. An FPO selling inputs to members needs them too.
- Subsidised fertiliser through PoS
- Subsidised fertilisers are sold to farmers through a PoS device with Aadhaar authentication, and sales are recorded in the government’s fertiliser management system.
- FPOs as producer companies or co-operatives
- Most FPOs are registered as producer companies under the Companies Act or as co-operatives under state law. Each has its own rules for members, shares, board meetings and audit, and many are supported under the central scheme for forming and promoting 10,000 FPOs.
- AgriStack Farmer ID
- A farmer ID being created under the national AgriStack programme and used in some state schemes, including on Maharashtra’s DBT portal.
- Farmers’ personal data
- Names, phone numbers, bank accounts, Aadhaar details and land records are personal data under the DPDP Act 2023. Aadhaar numbers also have their own rules on storage and display.